ѧÊõÌÃÊ×Ò³ | ÎÄÏ×ÇóÖúÂÛÎÄ·¶ÎÄ | ÂÛÎÄÌâÄ¿ | ²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ× | ¿ªÌⱨ¸æ | ÂÛÎĸñʽ | ÕªÒªÌá¸Ù | ÂÛÎÄÖÂл | ÂÛÎIJéÖØ | ÂÛÎÄ´ð±ç | ÂÛÎÄ·¢±í | ÆÚ¿¯ÔÓÖ¾ | ÂÛÎÄд×÷ | ÂÛÎÄPPT
ѧÊõÌÃרҵÂÛÎÄѧϰƽ̨Äúµ±Ç°µÄλÖãºÑ§ÊõÌà > ҽѧÂÛÎÄ > ÖÐҽѧÂÛÎÄ > ÖÐÒ½¶ù¿ÆÂÛÎÄ

ÍõÑ©·åÖÐÒ½ÁÆ·¨ÖÎÁƶùͯÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷µÄÌå»á

À´Ô´£ºÁÉÄþÖÐÒ½Ò©´óѧѧ±¨ ×÷ÕߣºÕÅÐãÓ¢;ÍõÑ©·å;µ¥ºì÷
·¢²¼ÓÚ£º2020-04-01 ¹²6750×Ö

¡¡¡¡Õª    Òª£º¡¡ÄÑÖÎÐÔÉö²¡£¨Refractory Nephritic Syndrome,RNS£©ÊǶù¿Æ½ÏΪ¼¬ÊÖµÄÃÚÄòϵͳ¼²²¡£¬ÍõÑ©·å½ÌÊÚ»ùÓÚ¶ÔÆøÓë»ðµÄÀí½â£¬¸ù¾ÝÄÚ¾­ÖГÉÙ»ðÉúÆø£¬×³»ðʳÆø”ÀíÂÛ£¬¶ÔRNSµÄ²¡»úÑݱäÓÐÁËеÄÈÏʶ£¬Ìá³öÇåÈÈÒæÆøÑøÒõΪÖÎÁÆС¶ùÄÑÖÎÐÔÉö²¡µÄ»ù±¾ÖÎÁƴ󷨣¬²¢Öð²½½ÒʾRNS¼¤ËØÁÆ·¨ÖлáÒÀ´Î³öÏ֓׳»ð£¨×³»ðÄڳ㣩”¡¢“׳»ðʳÆø”¼°“ÆøʳÉÙ»ð£¨ÉÙ»ð²»×㣩”Èý¸ö½×¶Î¡£ÆäÈÏΪ“׳»ðʳÆø”ÊǼ¤ËØÒÀÀµÐÍÉö²¡¼°Æµ¸´·¢ÐÍÉö²¡µÄ²¡»ú¹Ø¼ü£¬¶øά³Ö»úÌå“ÉÙ»ðÉúÆø”ÊDZ¾²¡µÄÖÎÁÆÖص㡣ÔÚÁÙ´²ÖÐÒª×ۺϷÖÎöRNSµÄ²¡³Ì¼°²¡Çé±ä»¯¹æÂÉ£¬ÔËÓÓÉÙ»ðÉúÆø”ÕâÒ»ÀíÄîÒýµ¼±æÖ¤ÂÛÖΡ¢Á¢·¨´¦·½ÒÔ¼õÇἤËصĸ±×÷Óü°·ÀÖ¹RNS¸´·¢¡£

¡¡¡¡¹Ø¼ü´Ê£º¡¡ÄÑÖÎÐÔÉö²¡; ¼¤ËØÒÀÀµÐÍÉö²¡; Ƶ¸´·¢ÐÍÉö²¡; ÉÙ»ðÉúÆø; ׳»ðʳÆø;

¡¡¡¡Abstract£º¡¡Pediatric refractory nephritic syndrome(RNS)is a more difficult urinary tract disease in pediatrics,professor Wang Xuefeng based on understanding of gas and fire,according to Inner Canon of Huangdi of“strong fire consuming Qi”theory,a new understanding of pathogenesis of RNS evolution,the basic treatment of RNS by heat clearing,Qi nourishing and Yin nourishing were proposed,the three stages of“strong fire”“strong fire consuming Qi”and“Qi consuming junior fire”were revealed in the RNS hormone therapy. Professor WANG Xuefeng believes that“strong fire consuming Qi”is the key to the pathogenesis of steroid dependent nephropathy syndrome and frequently relapsing nephritic syndrome,and maintain the body's“junior fire supporting vital Qi”is the treatment of the disease.To comprehensive analysis of RNS in clinical course of the disease and illness change rule,using the“junior fire supporting vital Qi”this concept to guide treatment based on syndrome differentiation,legislative prescription in order to reduce the side effect of hormone and prevent the recurrence of RNS.

¡¡¡¡Keyword£º¡¡refractory nephritic syndrome; frequently relapsing nephritic syndrome; steroid dependent nephritic syndrome; junior fire supporting vital Qi; strong fire consuming Qi;

¡¡¡¡Éö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷ÊǶùͯ±È½Ï³£¼ûµÄÉöСÇò¼²²¡£¬¿É·ÖΪԭ·¢ÐÔ¡¢¼Ì·¢ÐÔºÍÏÈÌìÐÔ3ÖÖÀàÐÍ[1]¡£ÁÙ´²¹Û²ì·¢ÏÖ76%¡«93%µÄ»¼¶ùÔÚÖÎÁƹý³ÌÖгöÏÖ¸´·¢£¬¶øÆäÖÐ45%¡«50%ΪƵ¸´·¢ÐÍÉö²¡»ò¼¤ËØÒÀÀµÐÍÉö²¡[2,3]¡£Ä¿Ç°Ö÷ÒªÒÔ³¤ÆÚ¼¤ËØÐò¹áÖÎÁÆΪÖ÷£¬»òÁªºÏÒ»µ½¶þÖÖÃâÒßÒÖÖƼÁ[4,5,6]¡£Éö²¡»¼¶ù³¤ÆÚ´óÁ¿µ°°×Äò²»Äܵõ½ÓÐЧµÄ¿ØÖÆ£¬±ã»á¶ÔÉöÔàÔì³É¼«ÎªÑÏÖصÄË𺦣¬´Ó¶ø¼ÓËÙÉöСÇòÓ²»¯ºÍÉö¼äÖÊÏËά»¯£¬×îÖպܿì½øÈëÖÕÄ©ÆÚÉö²¡£¬¼ÓÖØ»¼¶ùµÄÍ´¿à¼°¼ÒÍ¥ºÍÉç»áµÄ¾­¼Ã¸ºµ£¡£Òò´Ë¼ÓÇ¿¶ÔRNSµÄÈÏʶ¼°Ìá¸ßÁÆЧ£¬ÊÇÄ¿Ç°ÁÙ´²Ø½´ý½â¾öµÄÎÊÌâ¡£ÄÑÖÎÐÔÉö²¡Ö÷ÒªÊÇÔ­·¢ÐÍÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷ÖÐƵ¸´·¢ÐÍÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷(Frequently Relapsing Nephritic Syndrome,FRNS£©¡¢¼¤ËØÒÀÀµÐÍÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷£¨Steroid Dependent Nephritic Syndrome,SDNS£©ºÍ¼¤ËØÄÍÒ©ÐÍÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷£¨Steroid Resistant Nephrotic Syndrome,SRNS£©µÄ×ܳơ£ÖÐÒ½ÈÏΪRNS²¡Çé·´¸´Èվ㬵°°×³¤ÆÚ¶ªÊ§£¬ÉöÆøÊÜËð£¬Éö¾«ºÄÉË£¬ÒõÑô¾ãËðµÄ²¡Àí״̬¹á´©¼²²¡µÄʼÖÕ£¬³ÉΪÄÑÖΡ¢·´¸´µÄ¸ù±¾ÒòËØ[7]¡£½üÄêÑо¿±íÃ÷ÖÐÒ½Ò©¶ÔRNS¼¤ËØÖÎÁƽ׶μ°¼¤ËؼõÍ£ÁÆЧÃ÷ÏÔ[8,9]¡£ÍõÑ©·å½ÌÊÚ»ùÓÚ“ÉÙ»ðÉúÆø£¬×³»ðʳÆø”ÀíÂÛ¶ÔRNSµÄ²¡»úÑݱäÓÐÁËеÄÈÏʶ£¬²¢½áºÏ¶àÄêÁÙ´²¾­ÑéÌá³öRNSµÄÖÎÁƹؼüÊDZÜÃâ׳»ðʳÆøµÄ¸±×÷Ó㬼̶øά³ÖÉÙ»ðÉúÆøµÄ¹¦ÄÜÒÔ·ÀÖÎRNS¸´·¢¡£

¡¡¡¡1¡¢“׳»ðʳÆø£¬ÉÙ»ðÉúÆø”µÄ¿ÆѧڹÊÍ

¡¡¡¡1.1¡¢“»ð”Óë“Æø”µÄº¬Òå

¡¡¡¡¡¶ÄÚ¾­·ÒõÑôÓ¦Ïó´óÂÛ¡·ÓÐÑÔ£º“Ë®»ðÕߣ¬ÒõÑôÖ®Õ÷Õ×Ò²£»ÒõÑôÕߣ¬ÍòÎïÖ®ÄÜʼҲ”¡£ÂÛ»ðΪÑô£¬ÄÜÉúÍòÎï¡£¶øÀú´úÒ½¼ÒÔÚ´Ë»ù´¡É϶Իð×öÁ˸üΪÏ꾡µÄÂÛÊö£¬½«»ð¸ÅÀ¨Îª×ÔȻ֮»ðÓëÈËÌåÖ®»ð£¬ÈËÌåÖ®»ðÓÖ°üÀ¨ÉÙ»ð¡¢×³»ð£¬ÉÙ»ð¿É·Ö¾ý»ð¡¢Ïà»ð£¬×³»ð¿É·ÖÍâ»ð¡¢ÄÚ»ðµÈ[10]¡£

¡¡¡¡¡¶ÄѾ­·°ËÄÑ¡·ÖÐÌáµ½£º“ÆøÕߣ¬ÈËÖ®¸ùÒ²¡£”ÆøΪÉúÈËÖ®¸ù£¬Æø¾ÛÔòÉú£¬ÆøÉ¢ÔòÍö¡£¸ù¾ÝÆøµÄÀ´Ô´¡¢·Ö²¼²¿Î»¼°¹¦ÄÜÌص㣬¿É·ÖΪԪÆø¡¢ÓªÆø¡¢ÎÀÆø¡¢×ÚÆøµÈ¡£¡¶Àྭע¡·ÔÆ£º“ÈËÉúÔªÆøÉúÓÚÃüÃÅ¡£ÃüÃÅÕߣ¬¾«ÉñÖ®ËùÉᣬ¶øΪÑôÆøÖ®¸ùÒ²¡£”ÔªÆøΪÖîÆøÖ®¸ù£¬ÓÉÏÈÌìÖ®¾«ËùÉú£¬ºóÌìÖ®¾«ËùÑø£¬·¢Ô´ÓÚÉö£¬×ÌÑøÓÚÖÜÉí¡£
 

ÍõÑ©·åÖÐÒ½ÁÆ·¨ÖÎÁƶùͯÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷µÄÌå»á
 

¡¡¡¡1.2¡¢“׳»ðʳÆø£¬ÉÙ»ðÉúÆø”µÄÀíÂÛÄÚº­

¡¡¡¡¡¶ÄÚ¾­·ÒõÑôÓ¦Ïó´óÂÛ¡·ÔÆ£º“׳»ðÖ®ÆøË¥£¬ÉÙ»ðÖ®Æø׳¡£×³»ðʳÆø£¬ÆøʳÉÙ»ð¡£×³»ðÉ¢Æø£¬ÉÙ»ðÉúÆø¡£”¶ÔÓÚÕâ¶Î¾­ÎĵĽâÊÍÀú´úÒ½¼Ò¸÷Ê㼺¼û¡£Ã÷´úÂíݪ¡¶»ÆµÛÄÚ¾­ËØÎÊ×¢Ö¤·¢Î¢¡·ÔÆ“Æøζ̫ºñÕߣ¬»ð֮׳Ҳ¡£ÓÃ׳»ð֮Ʒ£¬ÔòÎáÈËÖ®Æø²»Äܵ±Ö®¶ø·´Ë¥ÒÓ£¨ÈçÎÚ¡¢¸½Ö®À࣬¶øÎáÈËÖ®Æø²»ÄÜʤ֮£©¡£Æøζ֮ÎÂÕߣ¬»ðÖ®ÉÙÒ²¡£ÓÃÉÙ»ð֮Ʒ£¬ÔòÎáÈËÖ®Æø½¥¶ûÉúÍú£¬¶øÒæ׳ÒÓ£¨Èç²Î¡¢¹éÖ®À࣬¶øÆøѪ½¥ÍúÕßÊÇÒ²£©¡£”Âíݪµ¥´¿ÒÔҩʳÆøζ֮ºñ±¡±ðÓÚÉÙ»ðÓë׳»ð£¬ÈÏΪҩʳÆøζ´¿ÑôµÄ׳»ð֮Ʒ£¬¾Ã·þ»ò¶à·þÔòºÄÆø£»Æøζκ͵ÄÉÙ»ð֮Ʒ£¬Ê³Ö®Ôò׳Æø¡£

¡¡¡¡ÕŽé±ö½«ÉÙ»ð¡¢×³»ðÒýÉêΪÉúÀí¡¢²¡ÀíÖ®»ð¡£ÆäÔÚ¡¶Àྭ¡·ÖÐÓÖÌáµ½£º“¹ËÈËÉúÖ®Æø£¬ÓÐÕýÆø£¬ÒàÓÐаÆø£»ÈËÉúÖ®»ð£¬ÓÐÉÙ»ð£¬ÒàÓÐ׳»ð¡£ÉÙ»ðÉúÈËÖ®ÔªÆø£¬ÊÇ»ð¼´ÎªÆø£¬´ËÆøΪÕýÆø¡£×³»ðʳÈËÖ®ÔªÆø£¬ÊÇÆø¼´Îª»ð£¬´ËÆøÊÇаÆø¡£”“ÍòÎïÖ®Éú£¬½ÔÓÉÑôÆø¡£µ«ÑôºÍÖ®»ðÔòÉúÎ¿ºÁÒÖ®»ð·´º¦Î¹Ê»ðÌ«¹ýÔòÆø·´Ë¥£¬»ðºÍƽÔòÆøÄË׳”¡£ÕŽé±öÖ¸³öÉÙ»ðΪÕýÆø£¬ÉúÔªÆøÑøÍòÎÁ¢ÃüÖ®±¾Ò²¡£ÕýÈçÖ쵤ϪËùÑÔ“Ìì·Ç´Ë»ð²»ÄÜÉúÎÈË·Ç´Ë»ð²»ÄÜÓÐÉú”¡£×³»ðΪаÆø£¬ºÄÔªÆøÉËÍòÎï¡£

¡¡¡¡ÍõÑ©·å½ÌÊÚ²ÎÕÕÉÏÊöÒ½¼ÒÖ®¼û£¬½áºÏRNSµÄ²¡Òò²¡»úÌá³öÉÙ»ðΪÉúÀíÖ®»ð£¬ÄÜÉúÔªÆø£¬¶ø¾Ã·þÆøζºñÖØ֮ҩʳ¿ÉÖú»ð×̳¤£¬±¾Î»ÉúÔªÆøÖ®ÉÙ»ðת±äΪʳÈËÖ®ÆøµÄ׳»ð£¬ÉúÀíÖ®»ð³ÉΪ²¡Àí֮׳»ð£¬¼Ì¶øÉËÒõºÄÃüÃÅÖ®ÔªÆø¡£

¡¡¡¡2¡¢Ð¡¶ùÄÑÖÎÐÔÉö²¡²¡»úÑݱä¹æÂÉ

¡¡¡¡Ð¡¶ùÔ­·¢ÐÔÉö²¡µÄ²¡ÃûÔÚ¹ÅÒ½¼®ÖÐûÓÐÏà¹Ø¼ÇÔØ£¬¸ù¾ÝÆäÖ÷ÒªµÄÁÙ´²±íÏֿɹéÊôÓÚ×æ¹úҽѧÖГˮÖ×”·¶³ë¡£¡¶¾°ÔÀÈ«Êé¡·Ö¸³ö£º“·²Ë®Ö×µÈÖ¤£¬ÄË·ÎÆ¢ÉöÈýÔàÏà¹ØÖ®²¡£¬¸ÇˮΪÖÁÒõ£¬¹ÊÆä±¾ÔÚÉö£»Ë®»¯ÓÚÆø£¬¹ÊÆä±êÔڷΣ»Ë®Î¨Î·ÍÁ£¬¹ÊÆäÖÆÔÚÆ¢¡£½ñ·ÎÐéÔòÆø²»»¯¾«¶ø»¯Ë®£¬Æ¢ÐéÔòÍÁ²»ÖÆË®¶øË®·´¿Ë£¬ÉöÐéÔòË®ÎÞËùÖ÷¶øÍýÐС£”Ï꾡µØ²ûÊöÁ˷Ρ¢Æ¢¡¢ÉöÈýÔàÆø»¯Ê§Ë¾ÊÇË®Ö×·¢²¡µÄÖ÷ÒªÄÚÔÚÒòËØ[11]¡£

¡¡¡¡Ð¡¶ùÄÑÖÎÐÔÉö²¡µÄ²¡ÒòÖ÷ҪΪµ°°×³¤ÆÚ¶ªÊ§£¬¾«Î¢¾Ãй£¬¶øÖÂÉö¾«ºÄÉË£¬¼ÓÖ®»¼¶ù²¡³ÌÈվã¬ÕýÆøÓúÐ飬ÎÀÍâ²»¹Ì£¬Íâа³ÃÐé¶øÈ룬¶øËØÌåÉö¾«¿÷Ð飬ÖÂʹ²¡Ð°¾ÃÖÍÌåÄÚ¡£“а֮Ëù´Õ£¬ÆäÆø±ØÐé”ÖÂʹ²¡ÇéǨÑÓ²»Óú£¬ÊDZ¾²¡ÄÑÖεĹؼüÒòËØ¡£Í¬Ê±£¬¼¤ËØÒÀÀµÐͼ°Æµ¸´·¢ÐÍÉö²¡µÄÖÎÁÆÖ÷ÒªÒÔ³¤ÆÚ´óÁ¿Ó¦Óü¤ËØΪÖ÷£¬¶øÄÚÔ´ÐÔ¼¤ËØÏ൱ÓÚ“Éٻ𔣬ÍâÔ´ÐÔ¼¤ËØÏ൱Óړ׳»ð”[12]¡£¼¤ËØΪÍâÔ´ÐÔ“´¿Ñô”֮Ʒ£¬“Ò©ÐÔÐÁ¡¢Î£¬¹éÉö¾­£¬¾ßÓв¹»ðÖúÑô¡¢Î²¹Æ¢Éö¡¢ÎÂÆ¢»¯Êª¡¢»¬ÀûÆø»ú”µÈ¹¦Ð§[13]¡£Ó¦Óü¤ËØÕâÀàÎÂÑô֮Ʒ£¬¿ÉÎÂìãÉöÖÐÖ®ÑôÆø¡£µ«ÊǾÃÓÓÖؼ«”ÏÖÏóÓ¦Ô˶øÉú£¬ÎK±Ø·´¡£ÇÒС¶ùΪÖÉÒõÖÉÑôÖ®Ì壬Ñô³£ÓÐÓ࣬¹ýÓÃÑôÈÈ֮Ʒ£¬±ØÈ»»áÔì³ÉÑô¿ºÒõÉË£¬Ñô¹ýÖú»ð£¬ºÄÆøÉËÒõ£¬Òõ²¡¼°ÑôµÈ׳»ðʳÆøµÄһϵÁÐÁÙ´²±íÏÖ¡£

¡¡¡¡3¡¢Î¬³Ö»úÌå“ÉÙ»ðÉúÆø”µÄ¹¦Äܹᴩʼĩ

¡¡¡¡¼¤ËØÒÀÀµ¼°Æµ¸´·¢ÐÍÉö²¡µÄ»¼¶ùÔÚ³¤ÆÚ´óÁ¿Ó¦Óü¤Ëعý³ÌÖлáÏà¼Ì³öÏ֓׳»ðÄڳ㔓׳»ðʳÆø”¼°“ÉÙ»ð²»×ã”Èý¸ö½×¶Î¡£ÍõÑ©·å½ÌÊÚÈÏΪÆäÖÎÁƵĹؼüÔÚÓÚ¼õÇá׳»ðʳÆøµÄ¸±×÷ÓÃÒÔµ÷½ÚÌåÄÚÒõÑôµÄƽºâ£¬¶øά³ÖÉÙ»ðÉúÆøµÄ¹¦ÄÜÊÇ·ÀÖ¹¼¤ËØÒÀÀµ¼°Æµ¸´·¢µÄÖÎÁƹؼü¡£ÁÙ´²ÖÎÁÆÖÐҪעÒâ±æ֤ʩÖΣ¬ÔÚ´ó¼ÁÁ¿¼¤ËØÓÕµ¼»º½â½×¶ÎÒÔ׳»ðÄÚ³ãµÄÁÙ´²±íÏÖΪÖ÷£¬ÖÎÁÆÉÏÖ÷ÒªÒÔ×ÌÒõк»ðÒÔ»¤ÉÙ»ðΪÖ÷£»¼¤ËؼõÁ¿½×¶ÎÒÔ׳»ðʳÆøµÄÁÙ´²±íÏÖΪÖ÷£¬ÖÎÁÆÉÏÒÔÑøÒõÒæÆøÒÔ¹ÌÉÙ»ðΪÖ÷£»Ð¡¼ÁÁ¿¼¤ËØά³Ö½×¶ÎÒÔÉÙ»ð²»×ãµÄÁÙ´²±íÏÖΪÖ÷£¬ÖÎÁÆÉÏÒÔÒæÆøÎÂÑôÒÔÉúÉÙ»ðΪÖ÷¡£

¡¡¡¡3.1¡¢×ÌÒõк»ðÒÔ»¤ÉÙ»ð

¡¡¡¡RNSµÄÖÎÁƳõÆÚÐèÒª´ó¼ÁÁ¿µÄ¼¤Ëسå»÷ÖÎÁÆÒÔ¿ØÖÆÄòµ°°×£¬´ó¼ÁÁ¿µÄ¼¤ËØ×÷Ϊ“Ñô¸Õ֮Ʒ”[14]£¬¿É³öÏ֓׳»ðÖ®Æø׳”£¬¼Ì¶øµ¼ÖÂÉ˺ÄÒõÒº£¬Òõ²»ÖÆÑô£¬ÔòÑôÈÈÖ®ÆøÏà¶ÔÆ«Íú¡£Ð¡¶ùËØÌå“Éö³£Ð锣¬ÉöΪˮÔ࣬ϲÈó¶ø¶ñÔ׳»ðÍý¶¯£¬Ê×ÏÈ×ÆÉËÉöÒõ£¨ÑôʤÔòÒõ²¡£©£¬ÉöÒõΪÃüÃÅ֮ˮ£¬ÖîÒõÖ®±¾£¬ÒõÒº²»×㣬²»ÄÜÖÆԼ׳»ðÔòË®¿Ý»ðÑ×£¬³öÏÖÐé»ðÄÚÊ¢µÄÒõÐé»ðÍúÖ¤¡£ÁÙ´²Ö÷ÒªÒÔ·³ÔêÒ×Å­¡¢ÊÖ×ãÐÄÈÈ£¬Ò¹ÎÔ²»°²£¬Ê³Óû¿º½ø£¬¿Ú¸É£¬´ó±ã¸ÉÔС±ãÂԻƣ¬Ã沿ðî´¯£¬ÂúÔÂÁ³£¬Éàºì£¬Ì¦»Æ£¬ÂöÏÒÊý»òϸµÈ±íÏÖΪÖ÷¡£

¡¡¡¡´ËÆÚÁÙ´²ÎªÉöÉÏÏÙƤÖʹ¦ÄÜ¿º½øµÄ±íÏÖ£¬Æä·¢Éú»úÖÆÊÇÓÉÓÚ¼¤ËØÐî»ý×÷ÓöøÔì³É[15]¡£¸Ã½×¶ÎΪ“׳»ðÄڳ㔽׶Σ¬Ëäδ³öÏÖ׳»ðʳÆøµÄÆøÐéÖ¤£¬µ«ÓÉÓÚ»¼¶ù¼¤ËØÒÀÀµ¡¢Æµ¸´·¢µÄ²¡ÀíÌص㣬ÖÎÁÆÉϳýÁË“ÑïÑïÖ¹·Ð£¬²»Èô¸ªµ×³éн”£¬ÒÔк׳»ðΪÖ÷£¬¸üӦעÒâ±£»¤ÔªÆø²»ÊܺÄËð¼Ì¶øά³ÖÉÙ»ðÉúÆøµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£“ÓÐÈȱØÇ壬³ýÈÈÎñ¾¡”£¬ÖÎÒË×ÌÒõк»ðÒÔ»¤ÔªÆøÉúÉÙ»ð¡£

¡¡¡¡3.2¡¢ÑøÒõÒæÆøÒÔ¹ÌÉÙ»ð

¡¡¡¡RNSºóÆÚË漤ËØÁ¿µÄ±ä»¯£¬ÍâÔ´ÐÔÑô¸ÕÔïÈÈ֮ƷӦÓüõÉÙ£¬ÁúÀ×Ö®»ðìÜ×ÆÉöÒõµÄͬʱҲºÄÉ¢ÔªÆø£¬¼È“׳»ðÖ®ÆøË¥£¬×³»ðÉ¢Æø”¡£ÈçÂíݪÔÚ¡¶»ÆµÛÄÚ¾­ËØÎÊ×¢Ö¤·¢Î¢¡·ÖÐÌáµ½“Æøζ̫ºñÕߣ¬»ð֮׳Ҳ¡£ÓÃ׳»ð֮Ʒ£¬ÔòÎáÈËÖ®Æø²»Äܵ±Ö®¶ø·´Ë¥ÒÓ”¡£ÆøÒò»ðÊ¢¶øË¥£¬¶ø³öÏÖ»ð׳ÓÚÄÚÔòʳÆøÉËÒõµÄÆøÒõÁ½ÐéÖ¤¡£ÁÙ´²¶àÒÔÑüÏ¥ËáÈíÎÞÁ¦£¬ÉñÆ£Ìå¾ë£¬·¦Á¦£¬×Ôº¹£¬µÁº¹£¬Æ½ËØÒ׸У¬ÊÖ×ãÐÄÈÈ£¬Ò¹ÎÔ²»°²£¬ÃÎÓ´ó±ã¸É£¬Ð¡±ã»Æ£¬¿É°éÓÐÍÈÍ´¡¢Í·ÔΣ¬ÉàÖʵ­Óгݺۣ¬Âö³ÁϸµÈ֢״ΪÖ÷¡£

¡¡¡¡´ËÆÚµÄÁÙ´²±íÏÖ¼´¼¤Ëس·¼õ×ÛºÏÕ÷£¬Æä·¢²¡»úÖÆÓ볤ÆÚÓ¦Óü¤ËØÒÖÖÆÏÂÇðÄÔ-´¹Ìå-ÉöÉÏÏÙÄÚ·ÖÃÚÖᣨHPA£©¶øµ¼Ö¹¦ÄÜÎÉÂÒÓйØ[15]¡£´Ë½×¶ÎΪ“׳»ðʳÆø”½×¶Î£¬ÓÈÆäÊǼ¤ËØÒÀÀµ¼°Æµ¸´·¢µÄ»¼¶ù£¬´Ë½×¶ÎµÄÖÎÁÆÓÈΪÖØÒª£¬ÍâÔ´ÐÔÑôÈÈ֮ƷµÄÓ¦ÓüõÉÙÒ׳öÏÖ»úÌå±¾ÉíÑôÆø²»×ãµÄ±íÏÖ£¬¶ø³¤ÆÚÓ¦ÓÃÍâÔ´ÐÔÑôÈÈ֮ƷÓÖºÄÆøÉËÒõ£¬ËùÒÔÔڴ˽׶εÄÁÙ´²ÖÎÁÆÖÐÅäÒÔÑøÒõÇåÈÈÒæÆøµÄÖÐҩЧ¹û¸ü¼Ñ¡£ÖÎÁÆÉÏÓ¦²¹Ðº¼æÓ㬼ÈҪк׳»ðÒÔ¹ÌÔªÆø£¬“ÈËÙ÷ÌìµØÖ®ÆøÉú£¬ËÄʱ֮·¨³É£¬ÆøΪÈ˸ù¡£”¹ÊÖÎÁÆÉÏÓÖÒª²¹ÉÙ»ðÒÔÉúÔªÆø¡£

¡¡¡¡3.3¡¢ÒæÆøÎÂÑôÒÔÉúÉÙ»ð

¡¡¡¡±¾½×¶ÎÖ÷Ҫͨ¹ýС¼ÁÁ¿¼¤ËØά³ÖÒÔ¹®¹ÌÁÆЧ£¬·ÀÖ¹¸´·¢¡£¾­¹ý»ý¼«¹æ·¶ÓÐЧµÄÖÎÁÆ£¬´ó¶àÊýRNS»¼¶ù²¡Çé»ù±¾ÒÑ»º½â£¬¼¤ËØÓÃÁ¿ÒѽӽüÈËÌåµÄÉúÀíˮƽ¡£¼¤ËØÒ»µ©¼õÉÙ£¬ÍâÔ´ÑôÈÈ֮Ʒ¼õÉÙ£¬ÌåÄÚÉöÑô²»×ã±ØÈ»ÏÔ¶£¬ÎÞ»ðÔòÎÞÒԹĶ¯ÑôÆø£¬Ôò±íÏÖΪÉöÑôÐé¡£ÁÙ´²¶àÒÔ¾«Éñ²»Õñ¡¢Ö«Á¹ÅÂÀä¡¢ÑüÏ¥ÀäÍ´¡¢Ð¡±ãÇ峤¡¢ÊÈ˯¡¢¶àÃΡ¢ÃæÉ«²Ô°×¡¢ÉñÆ£·¦Á¦¡¢ÄÉ´ô¡¢Îå¸üйк£¬¿ÉÓÐÍÑ·¢£¬É൭ÅÖÉÙ̦¡¢Âö³ÁµÈ±íÏÖΪÖ÷¡£

¡¡¡¡´ËÆÚΪÉöÉÏÏÙƤÖʹ¦Äܲ»È«µÄ±íÏÖ£¬·¢Éú»úÖÆΪÍâÔ´ÐÔ¼¤ËضÔHPAÖ᳤ÆÚ¸º·´À¡ÒÖÖÆ×÷Ó㬵¼ÖÂÉöÉÏÏÙƤÖÊ´¦ÓÚ³¤ÆÚÒÖÖÆÐÔήËõ״̬£¬Æ¤ÖÊ´¼·ÖÃÚ¼õÉÙÉõÖÁÍ£Ö¹£¬Ò»µ©¼¤ËؼõÉÙ»òÍ£Óü«Ò×ÒýÆðÉö²¡¸´·¢[16]¡£´Ë½×¶ÎΪÆøʳÉÙ»ð½×¶Î£¬Ò²ÊǸò¡ÖÎÁƵĹؼü¡£“׳ˮ֮Ö÷£¬ÒÔÖÆÑô¹â£¬Òæ»ðÖ®Ô´£¬ÒÔÏûÒõô蔓ÐéÔò²¹Ö®”£¬¹ÌÖÎÁÆÉÏÒÔ²¹ÉÙ»ðÒÔÉúÔªÆøΪÖ÷£¬Î¢Î¢ÉúÉÙ»ðÒÔÉúÉöÑô£¬ÑôÆø×ãÔò¿ÉÖúÉÙ»ðÉúÆø¶ø¹Ì±¾£¬ÖÎÒËÒæÆøÎÂÑô¡£ÍõÑ©·å½ÌÊÚÔÚÓ¦ÓÃÎÂÉöÑôÒ©Îïʱ¶àÑ¡ÓÃζø²»Ôï֮Ʒ£¬·ÀÖ¹´óÈÈ´óÔïËðºÄ¸Õ¸Õ»Ö¸´µÄÉöÒõ¡£

¡¡¡¡4¡¢²¡°¸¾ÙÀý

¡¡¡¡Ðíij£¬ÄУ¬10Ëê¡£Òò“·´¸´¸¡Ö×2ÄêÓà”ΪÖ÷ËßÓÚ2016Äê4ÔÂÀ´ÎÒÔºÃÅÕﲿ¾ÍÕï¡£»¼¶ù×Ô»¼²¡ÒÔÀ´¹²¼Æ¸´·¢5´Î£¬Ã¿Òò¼¤ËؼõÁ¿²¡Çé¼´Óз´¸´£¬¶à´Î½ÓÊÜ×ãÁ¿¼¤ËØÖÎÁÆ¡£¾ÍÕïʱ֢¼û£ºÑÛíú¸¡Öס¢ÑüÏ¥ËáÈíÎÞÁ¦¡¢·¦Á¦¡¢×Ôº¹¡¢µÁº¹¡¢ÊÖ×ãÐÄÈÈ¡¢Ò¹ÎÔ²»°²¡¢ÃÎÓï¡¢´ó±ãÂԸɣ¬Å¼ÓÐÍÈÍ´£¬²éÌ壺ÂúÔÂÁ³£¬ÉàÖʵ­Óгݺۣ¬Âö³Áϸ¡£ÍõÑ©·å½ÌÊÚ¸ù¾Ý»¼¶ù²¡Çé±æÖ¤ÂÛÖΣ¬ÖÐÒ½Õï¶ÏΪˮÖ×-ÆøÒõÁ½ÐéÖ¤£¬Î÷Ò½Õï¶ÏΪС¶ùÄÑÖÎÐÔÉö²¡£¬ÖÎÒÔÒæÆøÑøÒõ¡£´¦·½ÈçÏ£º»ÆÜÎ20 g£¬µ³²Î10 g£¬½¹Êõ15 g£¬É½Ò©10 g£¬ÖªÄ¸10 g£¬Îåζ×Ó10 g£¬Âó¶¬10 g£¬Å£Ï¥10 g£¬èÛè½×Ó10 g£¬ÉúÁúĵ30 g£¬Ö˸ʲÝ6 g¡£·þÓðëÔÂÓ࣬¸´Õﻼ¶ùÉÏËßÖ¢×´½ÔÓиÄÉÆ£¬º¹¿É£¬Ò¹Ãß¿É£¬´ó±ã¿É£¬ÈÔ¿Éż¸Ð·¦Á¦£¬ÊÖ×ãǷΣ¬É൭ÉÙ̦£¬Âö³Á¡£ÓèÔ­·½¼õÉúÁúĵ£¬¼ÓÝËË¿×Ó10 g£¬ÒùÑòÞ½10 g£¬ÈâÜÊÈØ10 g¡£·þÓÃ1Ôº󻼶ùÍ£·þÖÐÒ©ÌÀ¼Á¡£ÏÖ»¼¶ùÒÑÍ£·þÖÐÒ©ÌÀ¼Á°ëÄêÓ࣬Ëæ·Ãδ¼û¸´·¢¡£

¡¡¡¡°´Ó±¾°¸ÀýΪС¶ù¼¤ËØÒÀÀµÐÍÉö²¡£¬»¼¶ù»¼²¡¶àÄêÇÒ¼¤ËØÓ¦ÓÃÈվã¬ÍõÑ©·å½ÌÊÚÈÏΪ¸Ã»¼¶ù²úÉú¼¤ËØÒÀÀµµÄÖ÷ÒªÔ­ÒòΪ¼¤ËØÓ¦ÓÃÈվã¬ÍâÔ´ÐÔÑô¸Õ֮Ʒ¾ÃÓöø³öÏ֓׳»ðʳÆø”µÄÁÙ´²±íÏÖ¡£ËùÒÔÖÎÁƱ¾²¡µÄ¹Ø¼üÊÇÑøÒõÇåÈÈÒæÆøÒÔ»º“׳»ðÖ®ÆøË¥£¬×³»ðÉ¢Æø”£¬¼Ì¶ø»Ö¸´“ÉÙ»ðÉúÆø”µÄ¹¦ÄÜ£¬ÔÚÕïÁƹý³ÌÖÐÅäÎé»ÆÜΡ¢µ³²Î¡¢½¹Êõ¡¢É½Ò©ÒæÆø½¡Æ¢×ÊÔªÆø£¬ÒÔ²¹ºÄÉ¢Ö®Æø¡£ÖªÄ¸¡¢Â󶬡¢Îåζ×ÓÑøÒõÁ²ÒõÒÔÇåÈÈ£¬Å£Ï¥¡¢èÛè½×ÓÒÔ²¹Éö׳½î¹Ç£¬ÉúÁúĵÒÔ°²Éñ¡£ÖîÒ©ºÏÓÃÑøÒõÇåÈÈÒÔÏû׳»ð£¬ÒæÆø½¡Æ¢²¹ÉöÒÔÉúÉٻ𡣶þÕïʱÍõÑ©·å½ÌÊÚ¿¼ÂÇ»¼¶ù´¦ÓÚ³·¼õ¼¤Ëؽ׶Σ¬ÇÒÓÐÑôÐé±íÏÖ£¬ÓÚÔ­·½»ù´¡ÉϼÓÓÃÝËË¿×Ó¡¢ÒùÑòÞ½¡¢ÈâÜÊÈØβ¹ÉöÑôÖ®Ò©£¬ÉöÑôΪÖîÑôÖ®±¾£¬ÑôÆø×ãÔòÉÙ»ðÉúÆø¹¦ÄܵÃÒÔ»Ö¸´£¬ÔòRNS²»¸´·¢¡£Ëùν“ÕýÆø´æÄÚ£¬Ð°²»¿É¸É”¡£

¡¡¡¡5¡¢ÌÖÂÛ

¡¡¡¡RNSÊÇÁÙ´²ÉÏÔ­·¢ÐÍÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷£¨PNS£©ÖÐƵ¸´·¢ÐÍ£¨FRNS£©¡¢¼¤ËØÒÀÀµÐÍ£¨SDNS£©ºÍ¼¤ËØÄÍÒ©ÐÍ£¨SRNS£©Éö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷µÄ×ܳÆ[17]¡£¶ø¼¤ËØÒÀÀµ¼°Æµ¸´·¢ÐÍÉö²¡ÒòÆä¶Ô¼¤ËØÒÀÀµ¼°·´¸´µÄÌص㣬µ¼Ö»¼¶ù³¤ÆÚ²»¹æ·¶Ó¦Óü¤ËØÖÎÁÆ£¬µ«Êdz¤ÆÚ´óÁ¿Ó¦Óü¤ËػᵼÖÂCushing×ÛºÏÕ÷¡¢ÒÖÖƶùͯÉú³¤·¢Óý¡¢ÓÕ·¢»ò¼ÓÖظÐȾ¡¢ÒýÆð¹ÇÖÊÊèËɵȲ»Á¼·´Ó¦[18,19]¡£¼¤ËØÒÀÀµÐͼ°Æµ¸´·¢ÐÍÉö²¡µÄÖÎÁÆÖ÷ÒªÒÔ³¤ÆÚ´óÁ¿Ó¦Óü¤ËØΪÖ÷£¬¶øÄÚÔ´ÐÔ¼¤ËØÏ൱ÓÚ“Éٻ𔣬ÍâÔ´ÐÔ¼¤ËØÏ൱Óړ׳»ð”[12]¡£¼¤ËØΪÍâÔ´ÐÔ“´¿Ñô”֮Ʒ£¬¾ßÓв¹»ðÖúÑô¡¢Î²¹Æ¢ÉöµÈ¹¦Ð§¡£Éö²¡»¼¶ùµÄ³£¹æ¼¤ËØÖÎÁÆÏ൱ÓÚ²¹³äÍâÔ´ÐÔµÄÉٻ𣬴Ӷø·¢»ÓÁËÑôÆøµÄ¹¦ÄÜ“ÑôÆøÕߣ¬¾«ÕßÑøÉñ£¬ÈáÔòÑø½î¡£”

¡¡¡¡Ð¡¶ùµÄÉúÀíÌصãΪ“´¿ÑôÖ®Ì唓Ñô³£ÓÐÓ࣬Òõ³£²»×㔓¸Î³£ÓÐÓ࣬Éö³£Ð锣¬Èç¹û³¤ÆÚ´óÁ¿Ó¦Óü¤ËØÊƱص¼ÖÂÑô¿ºÓÚÄÚ£¬¶ø³öÏÖÒÔ¼±ÔêÒ×Å­¡¢¿Ú¸É¡¢ÂöÏÒµÈÐĸλðÍúΪÖ÷µÄÁÙ´²±íÏÖ¡£ÖÎÁÆÓ¦ÒÔÇåÈÈк׳»ð£¬¹ËÔªÆøÉúÉÙ»ðΪÖ÷¡£×³»ðÇå¡¢ÉÙ»ðÉúÔòÑôÄËƽ¡£¶øÔÚ¼¤ËؼõÁ¿¹ý³ÌÖÐÓÉÓÚÍâÔ´ÐÔ¼¤ËصÄÓ¦ÓÃÖð½¥¼õÉÙ£¬Ôò»¼¶ù¾Ã²¡»úÌåÔªÑô²»×ãµÄÖ¢×´¿ªÊ¼ÏÔÏÖ£¬¼È¶øÏà¼Ì³öÏ֓׳»ðʳÆø”¼°“ÆøʳÉÙ»ð”µÄÁÙ´²ÌØÕ÷¡£¾Ã·þÒ׳öÏÖ׳»ðʳÆø¶øÉ˼°ÉöÖ®ÒõÑô£¬¼Ì¶øµ¼ÖÂÕý³£ÉÙ»ðÉúÆø¹¦ÄÜÊÜÏÞ¡£“»ðÓëÔªÆø²»Á½Á¢£¬Ò»Ê¤ÔòÒ»¸º”£¬¼¤ËؾÃÓÃÉöÒõ±»×Æ£¬ÑôÊ¢ÓÚÄÚ¶øÆøºÄÓÚÍ⣬ÑôÊ¢ÔòÒõ²¡£¬Òõ²¡¼°Ñô£¬ÉöÑô½¥ËðÓÚºó£¬Ïà¼Ì¶ø³öÏÖÆøÒõÁ½Ðé¡¢ÉöÑô²»×ãÖ¤¡£ÖÎÁÆÉÏÓ¦ÒÔ²¹ÒæÉöÖ®ÒõÑô¼æÒÔ²¹ÆøΪÖ÷£¬´Ó¶ø´ïµ½¹Ë»¤»úÌåÉÙ»ðÉúÆøµÄ¹¦ÄÜ¡£

¡¡¡¡ÍõÑ©·å½ÌÊÚÈÏΪRNS£¬ÓÈÆäÊǼ¤ËØÒÀÀµ¼°Æµ¸´·¢ÐÍÉö²¡ÖÎÁƹؼüÊǼõÇá׳»ðʳÆøµÄ¸±×÷Óã¬Î¬³ÖÉÙ»ðÉúÆøµÄÉúÀí¹¦ÄÜ£¬ÉöΪˮ»ðÖ®Ô࣬ΪÎåÔàÒõÑôµÄ¸ù±¾£¬ËùÒÔÓÃÒ©µÄ¹Ø¼ü¾ÍÔÚÓÚƽºâÉöÒõÉöÑô£¬“½÷ÊØÒõÑô£¬ÒÔƽΪÆÚ”“ÒõƽÑôÃØ£¬¾«ÉñÄËÖΔ¡£Ö»ÓÐÒõÑôµÃÒÔƽºâ£¬“ÉÙ»ðÉúÆø”¹¦ÄܲÅÄܵÃÒÔ±£ÕÏ£¬RNS²ÅÄÜ´Ó¸ù±¾ÉÏÖÎÓú¡£

¡¡¡¡²Î¿¼ÎÄÏ×

¡¡¡¡[1] ÖлªÒ½Ñ§»á¶ù¿Æѧ·Ö»áÉöÔಡѧ×é.¶ùͯ³£¼ûÉöÔ༲²¡ÕïÖÎÑ­Ö¤Ö¸ÄÏ£¨Ò»£©£º¼¤ËØÃô¸Ð¡¢¸´·¢/ÒÀÀµÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷ÕïÖÎÑ­Ö¤Ö¸ÄÏ£¨ÊÔÐУ©[J].Öлª¶ù¿ÆÔÓÖ¾£¬2009,47(3):167-170.
¡¡¡¡[2] KOSKIMIES O,VILSKA J,RAPOLA J,et al.Long-term outcome of primary nephrotic syndrome[J].Arch Dis Child,1982,57(7):544-548.
¡¡¡¡[3] TARSHISH P,TOBIN JN,BERNSTEIN J,et al.Prognostic significance ofthe early course of minimal change nephrotic syndrome:report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,1997,8(5):769-776
¡¡¡¡[4] TARSHISH P,TOBIN JN,BERNSTEIN J,et al.Prognostic significance ofthe early course of minimal change nephrotic syndrome:report of the International Study of Kidney Disease in Children[J].J Am Soc Nephrol,1997,8(5):769-776.
¡¡¡¡[5] LOMBEL RM,GIPSON D,SAND HODSON EM.Treatment ofsteroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome:new guidelines from KDIGO[J].Pediatr Nephrol,2013,28(3):415-426.
¡¡¡¡[6] ÏÄÕýÀ¤£¬½ðÓñ£¬Â¹ÁᣬµÈ.¶ùͯ³£¼ûÉöÔ༲²¡ÕïÖÎÑ­Ö¤Ö¸ÄÏ£¨ÊÔÐУ©½â¶Á£¨Èý£©£º¼¤ËØÄÍÒ©ÐÍÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷ÕïÖÎ[J].Öлª¶ù¿ÆÔÓÖ¾£¬2010,48(1):76-78.
¡¡¡¡[7]²ñïɽ.С¶ùÄÑÖÎÐÔÉö²¡ÖÐÒ½Èý²½ÖÎÁÆ·¨[J].ÖйúÖÐÒ½»ù´¡Ò½Ñ§ÔÓÖ¾£¬1999,5(10):44-45.
¡¡¡¡[8]´÷¶÷À´£¬ËïºìÐñ£¬Àʡ.Áõ±¦ºñ½ÌÊÚÖÎÁÆÄÑÖÎÐÔÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷µÄÓÃÒ©¾­Ñé[J].ÖйúÖÐÎ÷Ò½½áºÏÉö²¡ÔÓÖ¾£¬2006,7(2):67-68.
¡¡¡¡[9]ÄôÀò·¼.ÄÑÖÎÐÔÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷µÄÖÐÒ½±æÖξ­Ñé[J].ÖÐÒ½ÔÓÖ¾£¬2005,16(1):61-62.
¡¡¡¡[10]ÑϺì÷£¬ÕųàÖ¾.ÖÐÒ½ÂÛ“»ð”[J].¹âÃ÷ÖÐÒ½£¬2007,22(6):7-9.
¡¡¡¡[11]Óàì³£¬Ëïΰ.Ëïΰ½ÌÊÚÖÎÁÆÄÑÖÎÐÔÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷µÄÁÙ´²¾­Ñé[J].ÖйúÖÐÎ÷Ò½½áºÏÉö²¡ÔÓÖ¾£¬2014,15(12):1039-1042.
¡¡¡¡[12]ÈÎÓñ½¿£¬ÕÅΰ.´Ó²¹ÉöÒæÆøÂÛ·ÀÖÎÌÇƤÖʼ¤ËصIJ»Á¼·´Ó¦[J].ÖÐÒ½ÔÓÖ¾£¬2016,57(15):1345-1347.
¡¡¡¡[13]¸ÊÄþ·å£¬»Æ¹ó»ª.ÖÐÒ½¶ÔÌÇƤÖʼ¤ËØÀàÒ©ÎïµÄÈÏʶ[J].¹ãÎ÷ÖÐÒ½Ò©£¬2008,31(2):40-41.
¡¡¡¡[14]Ò¶Èθß.Éö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷µÄÖÐÎ÷Ò½½áºÏÖÎÁÆ[J].½­ËÕÖÐÒ½£¬1999,20(11):3-4.
¡¡¡¡[15]Å˕וף¬Ê·Õý¸Õ.Ò½Ô´ÐÔƤÖÊ´¼Ôö¶àÖ¢Ñо¿ÊöÂÔ[J].ÖÐҽҩѧ¿¯£¬2004,22(4):643-658.
¡¡¡¡[16]ÁõÏþÓ¥£¬ÄßÖéÓ¢£¬¹¨ºìÎÀ.С¶ùÉö²¡×ÛºÏÕ÷ÖÐÒ½·Ö¶ÎÖÎÁÆ·¨[J].ºþ±±ÖÐҽѧԺѧ±¨£¬2003,5(2):31-32.
¡¡¡¡[17]ÖлªÒ½Ñ§»á¶ù¿Æѧ·Ö»áÉöÔಡѧ×é.С¶ùÉöСÇò¼²²¡µÄÁÙ´²·ÖÀà¡¢Õï¶Ï¼°ÖÎÁÆ[J].Öлª¶ù¿ÆÔÓÖ¾£¬2001,39(12):746-749.
¡¡¡¡[18]ÀîÓÀÇå.ÌÇƤÖʼ¤ËصÄÒ©Àí×÷Óü°²»Á¼·´Ó¦[J].±±·½Ò©Ñ§£¬2013,10(11):32-33.
¡¡¡¡[19]ÍõѧҶ.ÌÇƤÖʼ¤ËصIJ»Á¼·´Ó¦[J].ÁÙ´²ºÍʵÑéҽѧÔÓÖ¾£¬2008,7(10):133-134.

×÷Õßµ¥Î»£ºÁÉÄþÖÐÒ½Ò©´óѧ¸½ÊôÒ½Ôº ÉϺ£½»Í¨´óѧ¸½ÊôÉϺ£¶ùͯҽѧÖÐÐÄ ÁÉÄþÖÐÒ½Ò©´óѧ
Ô­Îijö´¦£ºÕÅÐãÓ¢,ÍõÑ©·å,µ¥ºì÷,ÍõÃÀ½¿.ÍõÑ©·å½ÌÊÚÖÎÁƶùͯÄÑÖÎÐÔÉö²¡¾­Ñé̽Îö[J/OL].ÁÉÄþÖÐÒ½Ò©´óѧѧ±¨:1-4[2020-04-01].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/21.1543.R.20200324.1407.070.html.
Ïà¹Ø±êÇ©£º
  • ±¨¾¯Æ½Ì¨
  • ÍøÂç¼à²ì
  • ±¸°¸ÐÅÏ¢
  • ¾Ù±¨ÖÐÐÄ
  • ´«²¥ÎÄÃ÷
  • ³ÏÐÅÍøÕ¾