摘要
卡特尔，又称为垄断协议，是市场经济中最为常见、隐秘和危害最大的垄断行为，严重破坏了公平的市场竞争秩序，抑制了市场经济的活力，损害了其他经营者、消费者的权益以及社会公共利益，反垄断执法机构往往投入了大量人力、物力也很难发现和査处卡特尔。为了高效的查处卡特尔案件，1978年美国率先制定了宽恕制度。美国的宽恕制度在威慑和打击卡特尔行为的司法实践中起到了非常显着的作用，使得世界上很多国家和地区纷纷效仿。我国2008年开始实施的《反垄断法》中也初步确立了宽恕制度，但由于诸多规定较为概括和原则，可操作性较差。尽管国家工商行政管理总局和国家发改委陆续颁布了相关的实施细则，但依旧有值得商榷的地方。
本文除引言和结语外，分为以下四个部分：第一部分对宽恕制度的含义、起源、特点以及实施意义进行论述；第二部分对美国、欧盟、韩国等国家和地区旳宽恕制度进行比较分析，总结出域外宽恕制度先进的制度设计，为我国宽恕制度的完善提供参考；第三部分则对我国现行宽恕制度适用外部环境和制度设计上存在的问题进行了分析；最后一部分则立足我国国情与第三部分中我国宽恕制度存在的问题，对国外相关规定有选择的进行借鉴，并分别从外部环境、实体规则和程序规则上加以完善。
关键词：反垄断法，卡特尔行为，宽恕制度
Abstract
Cartel, also known as the monopoly agreements, is the most common, mosthidden and most harmful monopolistic behavior in the market economy. Cartel hasnot only seriously undermined the fair market competition order and inhibited thedynamism of the market economy, but also damaged the interests of other operators,consumers and society. Although antimonopoly enforcement organizations investmanpower and force, it is still hard to find out and punish cartel. A leniency programwas first passed in 1978 in America for efficient detection of cases of Carter.
America's leniency program plays an increasingly significant function in the juridicalpractice of finding out and punishing cartel, the other countries and regions in theworld have gradually established leniency program. China's “Anti-monopoly law”also initiated the leniency program first in 2008. However,many provisions aregeneral and not practical. Although amended by the State Administration for Industryand Commerce China's “Anti-monopoly law,,also initiated the leniency program firstin 2008. However, many provisions are general and not practical. Although amendedby the State Administration for Industry and the National Development and ReformCommerce, some provisions still remain to be discussed, some provisions still remainto be discussed.
Besides introduction and conclusion, is divided into the following four parts: Thefirst part introduces the concepts, origin, characteristics and legal implementationsignificance of the Leniency Program; Part two puts emphasis on the comparison ofLeniency Programs about America, the European Union, South Korea and so on, Itsums up the advanced system design of Leniency Programs abroad, and providesreference for the system in China; The third part analyzes the problems existing ofsystem design and exterior environment in the current Leniency Program in China;Based on the problems of China's national condition, the last part focuses on theimprovement of Leniency Program in China, from the exterior environment, thephysical and procedural perspectives.
Key Words: Anti-monopoly Law; Cartel; Leniency Program
目录
引言
1反垄断法宽恕制度概述
1.1宽恕制度的界定
1.2宽恕制度的特点
1.2.1内部宽松性与外部严厉性
1.2. 2确定性与可预见性
1.2. 3隐蔽性和保密性
1.3宽恕制度的实施意义
1.3.1有利于节约司法成本，提高司法效率
1.3.2有利于瓦解卡特尔组织，抑制新垄断的形成
1.3.3有利于保护消费者、其他同业竞争者的合法权益和社会公共利益
2域外反垄断法宽恕制度的比较分析
2. 1美国的宽恕制度
2. 2欧盟的宽恕制度
2. 3韩国的宽恕制度
2.4日本的宽恕制度
2.5域外宽恕制度的比较分析
2. 5. 1宽恕制度适用的外部环境
2. 5. 2宽恕制度的实体规则
2.5. 2宽恕制度的程序规则
3我国反垄断法宽恕制度的现状分析
3.1我国宽恕制度的立法现状
3.2.我国宽恕制度存在的问题
3.2. 1宽恕制度适用外部环境的问题
3. 2. 2宽恕制度实体规则的问题
3.2. 3宽恕制度程序规则的问题
4我国反垄断法宽恕制度的完善建议
4.1宽恕制度适用外部环境的完善建议
4.1. 1建立统_、独立的反垄断执法机构
4.1.2对卡特尔行为设定严厉的法律责任
4. 2宽恕制度实体规则的完善建议
4. 2. 1明确宽恕申请的主体
4. 2. 2确定宽恕申请者的申请时间、序位和数量
4. 2. 3明确宽恕申请者的相关义务
4. 2.4明确宽恕待遇
4. 2.5引入附加宽恕制度
4. 2. 6建立申请者信息保密制度
4. 3宽恕制度程序规则的完善建议
4. 3.1宽恕申请程序
4. 3. 2宽恕的受理和审查决定程序
4. 3. 3宽恕决定的救济程序
结论
参考文献
致谢
