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影响高血压的膳食营养物质最新研究综述(2)

来源:中国食物与营养 作者:张亮;曹华军;李汇华
发布于:2018-03-27 共10561字
  5 维生素D
  
  维生素D可作为启动因素影响高血压的发生与发展, 随着年龄增加, 血管舒缩平衡逐渐变得不稳定, 缺乏维生素D将打破这一平衡, 启动高血压的发生[55-57].
  
  6 膳食纤维
  
  大量研究显示膳食纤维降低血压的作用类似于维生素D对血压的影响, 即对正常人无作用, 而对中老年高血压患者, 其降压效果却非常明显[6].膳食纤维的摄入可以降低机体炎症水平[58], 可能与其降低高血压患者血压有关。
  
  7 酒精
  
  酒精可以使血压升高, 但更趋向于急性效应, 停止饮酒后, 血压将迅速恢复正常。相关研究甚至认为轻度适量的饮酒使中风风险降低, 而且饮酒与高血压之间的关系跟人种和性别也有关系[6].一项长达2年的随机对照试验证明, 轻度适量的饮酒 (尤其是红酒) 是安全的, 而且是健康饮食的一部分, 可以促进心脏代谢, 研究者认为可能是红酒中的其他天然成分在起作用, 有待进一步研究[59].
  
  8 植物化学物
  
  (1) 咖啡:咖啡的饮用有助于降低帕金森、肝脏疾病及2型糖尿病的患病风险, 但是在心血管疾病、癌症等其他有关人体健康的领域, 咖啡的作用仍然存在争议, 尤其是咖啡和咖啡因两者的作用难以区分。饮用200~300mg咖啡因可以使收缩压上升8.1mm Hg达3小时以上[60], 但长期饮用咖啡对血压的影响并不显着[61], 有的研究显示其还具有轻微的降低血压作用[62].咖啡因对高血压患者或许有益, 尿中咖啡因及其代谢产物含量与血压呈负相关[63].因此, 咖啡对高血压是否具有影响, 仍然需要更多人群、动物及临床试验加以明确。 (2) 芹菜皂苷:芹菜可以降低高血压患者的血压, 并且能够改善其导致的心肌肥厚, 调节心肌糖代谢, 其机制与芹菜苷抑制缺氧诱导因子-1α表达, 导致其下游蛋白表达改变有关[64].
  
  综上所述, 除了提倡高钾低钠低脂饮食, 多食用蔬菜水果外, 减少碳水化合物的摄入对高血压患者似乎更有益处, 镁、维生素D等营养素有望成为治疗、预防高血压发生发展的新策略。

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原文出处:张亮,曹华军,李汇华.膳食营养与高血压研究进展[J].中国食物与营养,2017,23(02):78-83.
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